Jake Sapien #39 1B Stanford

gp 27
avg .262
hr -
rbi 8
r 7
sb 1
Recent Games
May 16 at UCLA L, 8-3
May 17 at UCLA L, 8-3
May 18 at UCLA L, 10-8
May 21 vs. Arizona State W, 8-7
May 22 vs. Oregon State W, 2-1
May 24 vs. Arizona L, 6-3
Statistics category Overall Conf
Games 27 125th 10 175th
Plate appearances 85 117th 34 124th
At Bats 65 121st 25 128th
Runs 7 134th 3 130th
Hits 17 118th 8 117th
Doubles 2 118th 2 91st
Triples - - - -
Home Runs - - - -
Runs Batted In 8 125th 5 111th
Total bases 19 130th 10 124th
Walks 18 60th 7 84th
Hit by pitch - - - -
Strikeouts 17 120th 8 122nd
Sacrifice Flies - - - -
Sacrifice Hits 2 36th 2 18th
Hit into double play 2 77th 1 60th
Stolen Bases 1 92nd - -
Caught Stealing - - - -
Batting Average .262 - .320 -
On Base Percentage .422 - .469 -
Slugging Percentage .292 - .400 -
Appearances 0 190th 0 170th
Games started 0 96th 0 61st
Wins 0 124th 0 75th
Losses 0 115th 0 76th
Saves 0 47th 0 29th
Complete Games - - - -
Shutouts - - - -
Innings Pitched 0.0 385th 0.0 378th
Hits - - - -
Runs - - - -
Earned Runs - - - -
Walks - - - -
Strikeouts - - - -
Strikeouts per Game .00 - .00 -
Doubles Allowed - - - -
Triples Allowed - - - -
WHIP - - - -
Home Runs Allows - - - -
At Bats Against - - - -
Batting Average Against - - - -
Earned Run Average 0.00 - 0.00 -
Wild pitches - - - -
Hit Batters - - - -
Balks - - - -
Sacrifice Flies Allowed - - - -
Sacrifice Hits Allowed - - - -
Total Chances 13 167th 0 404th
Put Outs 12 143rd 0 243rd
Assists 0 285th 0 220th
Errors 1 123rd 0 146th
Fielding Percentage .923 - - -
Double Plays - - - -
Stolen Bases Allowed - - - -
Runners Caught Stealing - - - -
Runners Caught Stealing Percentage - - - -
Passed Balls - - - -
Catcher's Interference - - - -
Date Opponent Score ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 15-6 4 1 1 - - - 0 1 2 - -
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 4-0 3 0 0 - - - 0 1 1 - -
Feb 18 Cal St. Fullerton W, 4-1 3 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Feb 19 UNLV L, 10-8 5 0 1 - - - 1 - 1 - -
Feb 23 Penn St. L, 15-4 2 0 0 - - - 1 1 - - -
Feb 24 Penn St. L, 13-2 2 0 1 - - - 0 - - - -
Feb 25 Penn St. W, 9-5 2 1 0 - - - 1 2 1 - -
Feb 26 San Jose St. W, 9-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 1 at Rice W, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 2 at Rice W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 at Rice W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 5 at California L, 5-0 3 0 3 - - - 0 1 - 1 -
Mar 8 at Washington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 at Washington W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 10 at Washington L, 9-2 2 0 1 - - - 0 2 1 - -
Mar 15 USC L, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 USC W, 7-1 2 0 0 - - - 0 1 1 - -
Mar 17 USC L, 11-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Creighton L, 3-2 0 0 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Mar 24 Creighton L, 8-2 1 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 25 Creighton W, 6-3 1 0 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Mar 28 at Utah L, 3-2 1 0 1 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 29 at Utah L, 7-5 4 1 2 1 - - 2 1 1 - -
Mar 30 at Utah W, 13-6 6 2 2 1 - - 1 - 1 - -
Apr 1 at Texas Tech L, 10-9 4 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
Apr 2 at Texas Tech L, 15-12 1 1 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Apr 5 Washington State W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Washington State W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 Washington State L, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 Arizona L, 12-1 1 0 0 - - - 0 - 1 - -
Apr 12 at Oregon State L, 6-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 at Oregon State L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 at Oregon State W, 11-10 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 16 Sacramento St. W, 12-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Oregon W, 19-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 Oregon L, 17-5 1 0 1 - - - 0 - - - -
Apr 21 Oregon W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 23 at Santa Clara L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 California W, 8-6 4 0 1 - - - 2 - 1 - -
Apr 27 California W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 28 California L, 7-4 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
Apr 30 Santa Clara W, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 3 at Arizona L, 12-8 2 0 0 - - - 0 1 1 - -
May 4 at Arizona L, 5-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 at Arizona L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 10 Arizona State L, 13-1 1 0 0 - - - 0 2 - - -
May 11 Arizona State L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 12 Arizona State L, 16-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 13 at California L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 16 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 17 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 at UCLA L, 10-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Arizona State W, 8-7 2 1 1 - - - 0 1 - - -
May 22 vs. Oregon State W, 2-1 2 0 1 - - - 0 1 - - -
May 24 vs. Arizona L, 6-3 4 0 1 - - - 0 - 1 - -
Date Opponent Score hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 15-6 - - - 1 0 - - 1 - 5
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 4-0 - - - 0 0 - - 2 - 4
Feb 18 Cal St. Fullerton W, 4-1 - - - 0 0 - 2 1 2.00 3
Feb 19 UNLV L, 10-8 - - - 1 0 - 3 - - 5
Feb 23 Penn St. L, 15-4 - - - 0 0 - 2 - - 3
Feb 24 Penn St. L, 13-2 - - - 1 0 - 1 - - 2
Feb 25 Penn St. W, 9-5 - - - 0 0 - - 1 - 4
Feb 26 San Jose St. W, 9-4 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 1 at Rice W, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 2 at Rice W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 at Rice W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 5 at California L, 5-0 - - - 3 0 - - - - 4
Mar 8 at Washington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 at Washington W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 10 at Washington L, 9-2 - - - 1 0 - - - - 4
Mar 15 USC L, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 USC W, 7-1 - - 1 0 0 - 2 - - 4
Mar 17 USC L, 11-8 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Creighton L, 3-2 - - - 0 0 - - - - 1
Mar 24 Creighton L, 8-2 - - - 0 0 - - 1 - 1
Mar 25 Creighton W, 6-3 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 2
Mar 28 at Utah L, 3-2 - - - 1 0 - - - - 1
Mar 29 at Utah L, 7-5 - - - 3 1 - - 1 - 5
Mar 30 at Utah W, 13-6 - - - 3 1 1 2 1 2.00 6
Apr 1 at Texas Tech L, 10-9 - - - 0 0 1 2 - - 4
Apr 2 at Texas Tech L, 15-12 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 2
Apr 5 Washington State W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Washington State W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 Washington State L, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 Arizona L, 12-1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 1
Apr 12 at Oregon State L, 6-0 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 at Oregon State L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 at Oregon State W, 11-10 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 16 Sacramento St. W, 12-8 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Oregon W, 19-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 Oregon L, 17-5 - - - 1 0 - - - - 1
Apr 21 Oregon W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 23 at Santa Clara L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 California W, 8-6 - - 1 1 0 - 2 1 2.00 5
Apr 27 California W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 28 California L, 7-4 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
Apr 30 Santa Clara W, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - -
May 3 at Arizona L, 12-8 - - - 0 0 - - 1 - 3
May 4 at Arizona L, 5-0 - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 at Arizona L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - -
May 10 Arizona State L, 13-1 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 3
May 11 Arizona State L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - -
May 12 Arizona State L, 16-7 - - - - - - - - - -
May 13 at California L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - -
May 16 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - -
May 17 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 at UCLA L, 10-8 - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Arizona State W, 8-7 - - - 1 0 - 1 - - 3
May 22 vs. Oregon State W, 2-1 - - - 1 0 - 1 - - 3
May 24 vs. Arizona L, 6-3 - - - 1 0 - 2 - - 4
Date Opponent Score gs w l sv ip h r er era whip bb k hr
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 15-6 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 4-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 18 Cal St. Fullerton W, 4-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 19 UNLV L, 10-8 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 23 Penn St. L, 15-4 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 24 Penn St. L, 13-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 25 Penn St. W, 9-5 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 26 San Jose St. W, 9-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 1 at Rice W, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 2 at Rice W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 at Rice W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 5 at California L, 5-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 8 at Washington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 at Washington W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 10 at Washington L, 9-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 15 USC L, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 USC W, 7-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 17 USC L, 11-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Creighton L, 3-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 24 Creighton L, 8-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 25 Creighton W, 6-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 28 at Utah L, 3-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 29 at Utah L, 7-5 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 30 at Utah W, 13-6 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 1 at Texas Tech L, 10-9 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 2 at Texas Tech L, 15-12 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 5 Washington State W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Washington State W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 Washington State L, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 Arizona L, 12-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 12 at Oregon State L, 6-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 at Oregon State L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 at Oregon State W, 11-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 16 Sacramento St. W, 12-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Oregon W, 19-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 Oregon L, 17-5 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 21 Oregon W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 23 at Santa Clara L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 California W, 8-6 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 27 California W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 28 California L, 7-4 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 30 Santa Clara W, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 3 at Arizona L, 12-8 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 4 at Arizona L, 5-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 at Arizona L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 10 Arizona State L, 13-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 11 Arizona State L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 12 Arizona State L, 16-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 13 at California L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 16 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 17 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 at UCLA L, 10-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Arizona State W, 8-7 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 22 vs. Oregon State W, 2-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 24 vs. Arizona L, 6-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Date Opponent Score tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 15-6 3 2 0 1 .667 - - - - - -
Feb 16 Cal St. Fullerton L, 4-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Feb 18 Cal St. Fullerton W, 4-1 1 1 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Feb 19 UNLV L, 10-8 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Feb 23 Penn St. L, 15-4 3 3 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Feb 24 Penn St. L, 13-2 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Feb 25 Penn St. W, 9-5 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Feb 26 San Jose St. W, 9-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 1 at Rice W, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 2 at Rice W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 at Rice W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 5 at California L, 5-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 8 at Washington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 at Washington W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 10 at Washington L, 9-2 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 15 USC L, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 USC W, 7-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 17 USC L, 11-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Creighton L, 3-2 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 24 Creighton L, 8-2 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Creighton W, 6-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 28 at Utah L, 3-2 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 29 at Utah L, 7-5 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 30 at Utah W, 13-6 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 1 at Texas Tech L, 10-9 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 2 at Texas Tech L, 15-12 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 5 Washington State W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Washington State W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 Washington State L, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 Arizona L, 12-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 12 at Oregon State L, 6-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 at Oregon State L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 at Oregon State W, 11-10 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 16 Sacramento St. W, 12-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Oregon W, 19-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 Oregon L, 17-5 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oregon W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 23 at Santa Clara L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 California W, 8-6 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 27 California W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 28 California L, 7-4 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 30 Santa Clara W, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 3 at Arizona L, 12-8 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
May 4 at Arizona L, 5-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 at Arizona L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 10 Arizona State L, 13-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
May 11 Arizona State L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 12 Arizona State L, 16-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 13 at California L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 16 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 17 at UCLA L, 8-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 at UCLA L, 10-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Arizona State W, 8-7 1 1 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 22 vs. Oregon State W, 2-1 2 2 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 24 vs. Arizona L, 6-3 3 3 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
2023-24 27 65 7 17 2 - - 8 18 17 1 - .262 .422 .292
Total 27 65 7 17 2 - - 8 18 17 1 - .262 .422 .292
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
2023-24 27 - - 2 19 2 2 23 10 2.30 85
Total 27 - - 2 19 2 2 23 10 2.30 85
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/9 hr era whip
2023-24 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Total 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
2023-24 27 13 12 0 1 .923 - - - - - -
Total 27 13 12 0 1 .923 - - - - - -
  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
Total 27 65 7 17 2 - - 8 18 17 1 - .262 .422 .292
Conference 10 25 3 8 2 - - 5 7 8 - - .320 .469 .400
Exhibition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 
-
Home 16 34 2 5 - - - 5 10 10 - - .147 .341 .147
Away 8 23 4 9 2 - - 3 6 6 1 - .391 .517 .478
Neutral 3 8 1 3 - - - 0 2 1 - - .375 .500 .375
 
-
Wins 8 22 4 5 1 - - 4 6 4 - - .227 .393 .273
Losses 19 43 3 12 1 - - 4 12 13 1 - .279 .436 .302
 
-
February 7 21 2 3 - - - 3 5 5 - - .143 .308 .143
March 9 20 3 9 2 - - 3 7 4 1 - .450 .593 .550
April 6 13 1 2 - - - 2 1 6 - - .154 .214 .154
May 5 11 1 3 - - - 0 5 2 - - .273 .500 .273
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Total 27 - - 2 19 2 2 23 10 2.30 85
Conference 10 - - 2 10 2 1 7 4 1.75 34
Exhibition - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
 
-
Home 16 - - 2 5 0 - 14 7 2.00 46
Away 8 - - - 11 2 2 5 3 1.67 29
Neutral 3 - - - 3 0 - 4 - - 10
 
-
Wins 8 - - 2 6 1 1 11 4 2.75 30
Losses 19 - - - 13 1 1 12 6 2.00 55
 
-
February 7 - - - 3 0 - 8 5 1.60 26
March 9 - - 1 11 2 1 5 3 1.67 28
April 6 - - 1 2 0 1 5 1 5.00 15
May 5 - - - 3 0 - 5 1 5.00 16
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/9 hr era whip
Total 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Conference 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Exhibition - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
 
-
Home 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Away 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Neutral 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
 
-
Wins 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Losses 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
 
-
February 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
March 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
April 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
May 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Total 27 13 12 0 1 .923 - - - - - -
Conference 10 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Exhibition - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
 
-
Home 16 7 6 0 1 .857 - - - - - -
Away 8 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Neutral 3 6 6 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
 
-
Wins 8 4 4 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Losses 19 9 8 0 1 .889 - - - - - -
 
-
February 7 7 6 0 1 .857 - - - - - -
March 9 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
April 6 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
May 5 6 6 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -